While ghana remains a stable democracy, sporadic ethnic and chieftaincy conflicts have been a recurrent feature of the political process. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more rival ethnic groups. Basically three perspectives centring on the psychological, institutional and cultural dimension of ethnic conflict and its resolution can be differentiated. Chain reaction ethnic war causes refugees, who destabilize a new place, causing more war, causing more refugees, and so. A theory of institutionalized ethnic cleavages, categories, and conflict. The article argues that ethnic clashes have become an institutionalized form of armed violence in the region, while ethnic rivalry is a key diagnostic frame for conflict.
Besancon 2005 distinguishes between ethnic conflicts, revolutions and. One of the insights is that the incidence of ethnic conflict is nonmonotonic in expropriable resources as a fraction of total resources, with a low incidence for either low or high values. An empirical study by joan esteban, laura mayoral, and debraj ray we examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification based on esteban and ray 2011. Lieberman and prerna singh the theory of ethnic violence we develop in this article highlights the role of the states institutionalization of ethnic categories.
Ethnic conflicts ethnic lesacreduprintemps19s blog. However, when the usage of these terms in books over time is examined, a different picture emerges. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. Document resume ed 106 005 silberstein, fred b jordan. Dealing with violent ethnic conflicts of the postcold war era 1999. In common with marx, max weber 18641920 saw societal relationships as best characterized by conflict.
Integrating conflict analysis and other forms of assessment 5. Interpersonal to international applications, 1987 and conflict resolution theory and practice. Software that allows you to save your written work and files as either. Ethnic conflict in ir ethnic conflict can have a potential to spread rapidly and catastrophically wildfire metaphor.
This final criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle. Ethnic groups in conflict, updated edition with a new. Conflict analysis is the systematic study of the profile. Competition theory of ethnicracial conflict and protest in. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author. Introduction this paper explores the relationship between armed conflict and constitutional and political engineering in ethnoplural african societies. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic groups position within society. The institutional origins of ethnic violence evan s.
For example, in 2004 following strong condemnation from the media, ngos and. Theory and evidence from the rwandan genocide david yanagizawadrott harvard university august 2012 abstract this paper investigates the role of mass media in times of con. Competition theory of race and ethnic con flict specifies three mechanisms under which racialethnic conflict. Ethnic conflict arises if ethnic groups compete for the same goalnotably power, access to resources, or territory. Ethnic conflict is thus similar to other political interest conflicts. Since the prehistory of ethnic conflict management is largely forgotten, a digression may be permitted here. In the narrower construal of the term, ethnic groups mean racial or. It argues that, from an epistemological point of view, the unique nature of these theories are useful in comprehending the factors behind ethnic conflicts. The events following 2015 are better understood in the context of the communal sharing and authority ranking relational models of virtuous violence theory. Second, the theory subsumes or integrates several or. So, what are the pros and cons of diversity, being that racial, ethnic. Sep 29, 2011 ethnic conflict and racial conflict are phrases often taken to describe the same phenomenon.
Our theory suggests that a decomposition of such inequality into within. The institutional focus goes a long way toward incorporating constructivist insights about the origins of ethnicity, which have been. Racial and ethnic conflict in the united states sociology 471 the university of nevada, las vegas spring 2016. First, the theory states the general dynamics of ethnic war and identifies the essential ingredients for constructing theories or explanations for specific ethnic wars. Articles nationalism, ethnic conflict, and rationality of value rationality and instrumental rationality. Integration and application, 1993 as well as capturing the complexity of conflict. Ethnic conflict can erupt when a majority group controls the state, having at its disposal the institutions of government and the legitimate exercise of force, as well as the. Our argument also provides indirect evidence that ethnic conflicts are likely. We use the models predictions to interpret historical examples of conflict associated with skin pigmentation, body size, language, and religion. Racial and ethnic conflict in the united states sociology 471. This study presents a conceptual framework for understanding the conflict in one of the most dangerous regions of the world the caucasus. Though most theorists from this perspective see conflict as emanating from one dominant group, conflict may also be mutual. This article discusses the nature of ethnic conflict as well as the literature that.
Realistic group conflict theory and others like it, such as rational choice theory, hinder understanding of the kurdish conflict because they define the conflict on purely material, never intangible, terms james and ozdamar, 2009, pg. This paper analyses the main theories of ethnic conflict. First, while marx saw cultural ideas as molded by the economic system, weber saw a cultures economic system being molded by its ideas. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. Categorization of internal armed conflict will contribute to explore which of the ethnic conflict theory has a stronger explanatory power. Instrumental rationality entails a strict costbenefit calculus with respect to goals, necessi. Peacemaking and peacebuilding, antisemitism in the making, towards a theory of race relations, institutionalized con. The conflict bargaining literature identifies three barriers to nonviolent conflict resolution. Machiavelli, clausewitz and adam smith are important writers in western tradition of conflict analysis. In simple terms, it is the idea that life is characterized by conflict rather than consensus hamlin, 2004.
The model we use the notation h and m to denote two ethnic or religious af. Applying theories of ethnocultural conflict and conflict resolution. Expect to see more mixedmethods research on how poverty and conflict shift over time, affecting individuals, households, and communities. In the end, a theory of ethnic nepotism is introduced and the basic hypothesis about the causal relationship between ethnic nepotism and ethnic conflict is. Pdf the ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from. Ethnic conflict is one of the major threats to international peace and security. The current attention to ethnic conflict contrasts markedly with the approach of previous periods. Journalists and academics tend to talk about one or another.
She argues that this ethnic antagonism dd 71 6242008 5. Comparing regional and ethnic conflict in postsoviet transition states. According to these theories, businesses whose employees reflect the ethnic mix of the communities in which they operate perform better than. As researchers who have studied ethnic discrimination and ethnic conflict for close to two decades, we have noticed, anecdotally at least, that this penchant for generalization is rampant in discussions of ethnic politics. The ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from dimensions based on neighbourliness, national origin, race and religion etc. Ethnic mobilization is essentially a means of obtaining another ends implications. In our theory ethnic markers help enforce group membership. Dominant ethnic group conflict can be treated as either an independent or dependent variable. By lowering the cost of enforcing membership in the winning group, ethnic diversity makes the latter less susceptible to expost inltration by members of the losing one. The main results indicate that ethnicity does not seem to be a very important factor in starting both the civil and ethnic. The article assesses the socioeconomic and human repercussions of one of the fiercest ethnic conflicts in ghanas northern region on people and society.
Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. On the theory of ethnic conflict caselli 20 journal. Approaches to the control of ethnic conflict in the postcold war world. Both of these rationalities are expressions of goaldirected behavior, but their conceptions of costs widely diverge. Conflicts in the balkans, rwanda, chechnya, iraq, indonesia, sri lanka, india, and darfur, as well as in israel, the west bank, and the gaza strip, are among the bestknown and deadliest examples from the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Interethnic conflicts in ghanas northern region by. His dissertation, the functions of social conflict, took conflict theory in a new direction and was later named as one of the bestselling sociology books of the twenti. This article discusses the nature of ethnic conflict as well as the literature that defines and differentiates types of ethnic conflict. Nationalism and ethnic conflict national endowment for. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. The destabilization of provinces, states, and, in some cases, even whole. The available data appear to strongly support existing theories of intergroup conflict.
Ethnic diversity and economic performance 765 2 a business counterpart of the preference element in diversity may be seen in the theories of customer discrimination. Conflict analysis united states institute of peace. To talk about the behavior of others is to generalize especially if that behavior is perceived to be negative. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur. The turkishkurdish conflict in theory and practice. I consider a theory of ethnic war to be a general theory if it does two things. Natural resources, conflict, and conflict resolution. The interests of a societys elite class play an important role in mobilizing ethnic groups to engage in ethnic conflicts. For ethnicity and ethnic conflict they are many theory that tray explain what happen in the ethnic contexts. These o s cieties are often characterized by persistent deeprooted and identityrelated. For ethnicity and ethnic conflict they are many theory that tray explain what happen in.
If one carefully reads this bookand it certainly takes a dedicated, and systematic readingone will come away changed. However, the tendency to capture such relationships. We derive a number of implications of the model relating social. Horowitz april 1998 paper prepared for the annual world bank conference on development economics, washington, d. To preempt misunderstanding, one needs to specify the meaning one is using. His most recent publications include conflict management and problem solving. Ethnic conflicts ethnic conflicts their biological roots in ethnic nepotism tatu vanhanen. Another reason for ethnic conflict is if a change in the environment results in a scarcity of resources and other ethnic groups are perceived as threats to survival. Ethnic groups in conflict, updated edition with a new preface.
Initial steps in practice, the international community has focused its work on conflict prevention at two points in a typical conflicts life cycle. Conflict and critical theories 215 united states and arrived in new york in 1941. That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of ethnic distribution. Competing theories of ethnic conflict in the caucasus abstract. Primordials accounts primordial views emphasize the primacy of ethnicity, close to kinship, in its impact on the psychological makeup of individuals. A conceptual model for theorybuilding using lynhams 2000 fivephase system of theory building, a conceptual development framework is proposed for hrd to begin considering racial conflict as an issue for theory. When groups can be formed along ethnic lines, ethnic identity can be used as a marker to recognize potential inltrators. Analyzing data from survey opinions and interviews from wide spectrum of respondents, the study noted. There have been different theoretical approaches to understanding conflict. Concepts and theories 25 of treaties and the coining of money is independent of the government of the associated states, and, on the other hand, state governments which in certain matters are, in their turn, independent of the general government.
On the theory of ethnic conflict dukes fuqua school of business. List of books and articles about ethnic conflict online. By proposing a typology of armed conflict, the study seeks to achieve analytical clarity and contribute to conflict analysis. Donald horowitzs book ethnic groups in conflict completely changed the way i not only look at africasoutheast asia, but also the way in which i look at all politics and group identity. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l.
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